Motivation of Employees

Presentation The hypothesis of the executives rose in the mid nineteenth century when Henri Fayol, a Frenchman, depicted administration as helpful incorporation of different capacities in an association so as to accomplish authoritative goals.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Motivation of Employees explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More In early piece of the twentieth century, Mary Parker portrayed administration as a specialty of preparing individuals to perform explicit assignments that convert into hierarchical objectives (Arthurs Busenitz 2003, p.150). In 1960, Douglas McGregor reformed administration hypothesis by planning speculations that depict two parts of the board, the X and Y hypotheses. In his hypotheses, McGregor proposed that inspiration of representatives is key to accomplishing authoritative objectives. He perceived that, â€Å"†¦human capital and information are the most significant wellsprings of significant worth for the 21s t century organization†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kochan Orlikowski 2009, p.2). This view has incredibly changed the administration methodologies and structures as far as HR and innovation. Henceforth, this article investigates writing audit in regards to the advancement of McGregor’s X and Y speculations with the perspective on dissecting their importance to the 21st century directors. Hypothesis X Theory X hypothesizes tyrant style of the board, which accept that representatives can't work adequately and accomplish authoritative objectives except if the administration drives them to do as such. McGregor set that â€Å"conventional administrative presumptions of hypothesis X reflect basically an inverse and negative perspectives in particular, that representatives are languid, are unequipped for self-course and self-sufficient work conduct, have little to offer as far as hierarchical issue solving† (Kopelman, Prottas Davis 2008, p.255). Hypothesis X accept that workers are natura lly lethargic along these lines sees them as hierarchical costs that need consistent observing and control so as to decrease misfortunes and increase most extreme advantages from them.Advertising Looking for paper on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another supposition of hypothesis X is that workers can't use their self-rule successfully to profit association since they are not capable; henceforth, they need appropriate administration to lead them. Further supposition holds that representatives are not inventive and will in general oppose authoritative changes that are basic for monetary development. Because of these presumptions, legitimate administration is basic in preparing held workers. In light of Maslow’s hypothesis, associations under the administration style of hypothesis X depend on the fulfillment of fundamental needs, for example, cash and different advantages in inspiration of th eir representatives. As per Daniels, â€Å"McGregor points out that an order and control condition isn't compelling on the grounds that it depends on the lower needs as a switches of inspiration, however in current society those requirements are as of now fulfilled and subsequently never again are motivators† (2008, p.11). The executives as indicated by hypothesis X solely propels workers utilizing cash, which just fulfills the lower human needs leaving higher necessities that give raised and enduring inspiration. In this way, hypothesis X doesn't give good inspiration to the representatives for them to be exceptionally gainful. Hypothesis Y Theory Y clarifies participative style of the board that is exceptionally powerful in the administration of current uber associations. The suppositions of this hypothesis are that representatives are priceless assets, compelling work includes coordinated endeavors, combination of innovation with social frameworks improves work, and design ation of obligations is basic in accomplishing authoritative objectives. As indicated by the principal presumption, HR are important assets in an association that need improvement and inspiration. Appropriate inspiration of the representatives will upgrade their confidence and makes favorable condition where working becomes as intriguing as playing. In the subsequent supposition, hypothesis Y places that information based frameworks support â€Å"†¦high levels of execution that must be accomplished by sorting out work in manners that permit laborers to use and extend their insight and abilities, while working cooperatively on numerous, transitory undertakings to achieve adaptable and creative operations† (Wubbolding 2002, p.3).Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Motivation of Employees explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Coordination of frameworks in a way that improves purposeful endeavors would conveniently prompt the accomplishments o f hierarchical objectives. The third presumption predicts that joining of innovation with social frameworks would fundamentally change the utilization of innovation in an association. The viability of innovation relies upon the mix of HR and the physical piece of innovation coming about into practical innovation that successfully drives the workforces for the association to understand its objectives. In the fourth suspicion, appointment of duties by the top administration to the lower the board levels improves efficiency in the association. â€Å"The normal man learns, under appropriate conditions, not exclusively to acknowledge yet in addition to look for duty by utilizing inventiveness and minds in understanding authoritative problems† (Deming 2007, p.9).This supposition perceives that workers have capacities that are extremely vital in taking care of approaching administration issues in that inspiration and appointment of duties improves their investment. Importance and Va lue of X-Y Theories Douglas McGregor’s X and Y speculations depict differentiating the executives styles of twentieth and 21st hundreds of years separately. Hypothesis X portrays twentieth century style of the board that depends intensely on definitive oversight of representatives as this hypothesis expect that workers are costs that need consistent administration all together acknowledge hierarchical objectives. With respect to of laborers, hypothesis X is extremely poor since it just relies on cash and other material advantages to fulfill the requirements of the representatives, which are the least needs as indicated by Maslow’s hypothesis. McGinnis cautions that, inspiration of workers utilizing the most reduced human needs isn't enduring and compelling in upgrading efficiency of HR in an association (2006, p 22). The X hypothesis is importance to the 21st chiefs since it shows the degree of the board the association is utilizing in the continuum of X-Y the executiv es levels. The most unfortunate administration style will in general move towards X while the best administration will in general move towards Y. Then again, hypothesis Y depicts participative style of the executives that is exceptionally compelling in the 21st century. This hypothesis acknowledges human work as priceless asset that the association ought to create and grow through inspiration. As far as inspiration, this hypothesis declares that inspiration of workers should involve fulfillment of most noteworthy needs as indicated by the Maslow’s theory.Advertising Searching for article on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Gosling and Marturano contend that, â€Å"the consumption of physical and mental endeavors in work is as normal as play or rest, and the normal person under legitimate conditions, learns not exclusively to acknowledge yet to look for responsibility† (2003, p. 7). Fulfillment of the most noteworthy needs, for example, confidence and self-completion would propel representatives to be profoundly beneficial since work would be charming as play in this manner improving the estimations of innovativeness, duty, and obligation in representatives. End Management hypothesis has been creating over hundreds of years and administrators have been pondering on what sort of the board style can adequately persuade workers and impel associations towards accomplishing their objectives. Douglas McGregor figured X and Y speculations that portray differentiating the board styles for the chiefs to see their degree of the executives. Hypothesis X proposes that representatives are inalienably sluggish and a type of costs that needs consistent oversight for them to work viably for the association to accomplish its objectives. Interestingly, hypothesis Y proposes that workers are indispensable assets that associations ought to consistently improve by persuading them. Inspiration involves fulfillment of most elevated human needs, confidence and self-completion as grouped in the Maslow’s hypothesis of order of requirements. These hypotheses are pertinent to the 21st century directors since they evaluate their degrees of the board and anticipate the presentation of their associations. References Arthurs, D., Busenitz, L., 2003. The Boundaries and Limitations of Agency Theory and Stewardship Theory in the Venture Capitalist/Entrepreneur Relationship. Business person Theory and Practice, pp. 145-162. Bolden, R., Gosling, J., Marturano, A., 2003. Audit of Leadership Theory and Competency Frameworks. Place for Leadership Studies, pp. 1-44. Accessible from: http://business-school.e xeter.ac.uk/Daniels, T., 2008. Douglas McGregor: Theory X and Theory Y. Diary of Human Resources Management, pp. 1-25. Deming, W., 2007. Absolute Quality Management: Explanation of the Fourteen Points of Management. Authoritative Management Level, pp. 1-11. Web. Kochan, T., Orlikowski, W., 2009. Past McGregor’s Theory Y: Human Capital and Knowledge in the 21st Century Organization. Human Resource Development Journal, pp. 1-24. Kopelman, R., Prottas, D., Davis, A., 2008. Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Y: Toward a Construct-legitimate Measure. Diary of Managerial Issues, 20(2), pp. 255-272. McGinnis, S., 2006. Authoritative Behavior and Management Thinking. Organization Management Journal, pp.37-57. Wubbolding, R., 2002. Worker inspiration. Quality Manageme

Advertising Influences Purchasing Decisions Of Students Marketing Essay

Promoting Influences Purchasing Decisions Of Students Marketing Essay All out 2010 UK promoting consumption added up to 14.5 billion. Of this, more than 80 percent was spent in plain view publicizing in the press, communicate, print and open air media. (Source: The Advertising Association) Under the present conditions, publicizing speaks to one of the significant segments in the economy with a huge number of laborers around the world. The effectiveness of working of the economy by and large, to an extensive degree, relies upon that part. Publicizing goes with rivalry among organizations and is a fundamental property of the market economy. 1.2 Background Organizations need to comprehend buyer conduct so as to locate the most ideal route on the best way to move request of items in support of them. At the point when organizations can find the reasons why shoppers settle on specific buying choices, they can adjust their advertising endeavors to all the more likely suit the necessities of the buyers. Understanding customer conduct may bring about expanded deals and improved benefit execution of the association. Traditional microeconomic hypotheses of purchaser conduct have concentrated on the standards of levelheaded buyer conduct, which recommends that shoppers decision is essentially a matter of individual inclinations, though utility hypothesis of customer conduct keeps up that customer decisions mirror their endeavor to make sure about most extreme value from their money related assets. Reference! While old style hypotheses despite everything apply in contemporary western social orders, the job of broad communications, web and different part of present day culture may have on a very basic level changed numerous components in the comprehension of shopper conduct. Additionally showcasing open doors accessible in the computerized data age have modified the way how shopper decision is being formed and utilized for benefit. Promoting is maybe the primary thing that individuals consider when thinking about advertising. Organizations must accomplish more than make great items they should advise buyers about item benefits and cautiously position items in buyers minds. To do this, they should skilfully utilize the mass-advancement instruments of publicizing. Publicizing technique comprises of two significant components: making promoting messages and choosing promoting media. Media organizers think about numerous components when settling on their media decisions. The media propensities for target purchasers will influence media decision promoters search for media that arrive at target shoppers viably. Target crowds are set to concentrate on various gatherings: grown-ups, teenagers, pre-schoolers and different gatherings. It is fundamental to get comfortable the objective market, their propensities, practices and disposition to promoting when all is said in done. It is realized that understudy youth is less preservationist in their perspectives and choices, contrasting with others age and social gatherings. 1.3 Research Aims and Rationale In view of the above data, the primary point of the examination is to research the degree to which the buying choices of understudies in the UK are affected by the ad crusades. During the arrangement of the momentum explore paper a poll was completed among Queen Marys understudies, which intended to consider their disposition to promoting. Overview test secured assessments of 20 youngsters between the ages of 21-24, that is understudies in their last long periods of studies. The overview had an examining character and couldn't speak to the total of the understudy youth populace or considerably progressively broad grown-up crowd with measurable accuracy. Anyway it offers an away from of commanding propensities in inclinations and assessments of the picked crowd, which is the primary point of mass promoting. 1.4 Outline of the Project The second part of this venture will survey the writing, and will concentrate on the significance of picking a publicizing media. Section 3 will present research strategy and techniques. Explanations behind explicit inquiries will be thought of. Part 4 will report and examine the aftereffects of the directed study. At long last an end will be made in Chapter 5. It will likewise incorporate suggestions for additional exploration. Part 2: Literature survey Promoting is a significant methods by which financial ventures speak with both their present and potential clients. It is regularly said that to be powerful a notice must be perused, comprehended, accepted, recalled and followed up on (Adcock, Halborg, Ross, 2001) There are five head manners by which an organization can speak with its business sectors: Media publicizing (business TV and radio, the press, banners, film and regular postal mail/web) Advertising exercises Selling Marketing Bundling (Chisnal, 2001) These special exercises are at the core of successful advertising procedures. As indicated by Adcock, Halborg, Ross, (2001) promoting technique comprises of two significant components: making publicizing messages and choosing publicizing media. The significant strides in media choice are: settling on reach, recurrence and effect; picking among significant media types; choosing explicit media vehicles; and settling on media timing. Media organizers think about numerous elements when settling on their media decisions. The media propensities for target shoppers will influence media decision promoters search for media that arrive at target customers viably (Kotler, Armstrong, 1997). For instance designs are best promoted in shading magazines while every day papers are a first thought in publicizing land. In this way various sorts of messages may require various media. The significant media types are papers, TV, radio, magazines, open air and the Internet. It is critical to list points of interest and constraints of these mediums, as they will end up being rules in the understanding of the watched outcomes. For instance, papers bid for their practicality and high credibility. In any case, its crowd is generally little. Then again TV has great mass market inclusion and joins sight, sound and movement yet it is very costly. Magazines are known for their validity and distinction. Points of interest of open air publicizing are high recurrent introduction and minimal effort, while absence of imagination is its confinement (Adcock, Halborg, Ross, 2001). Publicizing on the Internet is a developing business sector; plugs are truly adaptable and can be seen whenever. Cost is another main consideration in media decision. Though TV is over the top expensive, for instance, paper promoting costs significantly less. Setting the promoting spending plan is a mind boggling task. A few pundits guarantee that enormous buyer bundled products firms will in general spend a lot on promoting. They guarantee that the huge shopper organizations use heaps of picture promoting without truly knowing its belongings. They overspend as a type of protection against not spending enough. (Kotler, Armstrong, 1997) For quite a while, TV and magazines have overwhelmed in the media blends of publicists with other media being disregarded (Jobber, 1995). As of late, be that as it may, the expenses of these media have gone up and crowds have dropped. Sponsors are currently progressively going to elective media, for example, outside publicizing or the Internet. The inquiry that worries organizations continues as before: what amount of impact does publicizing spending truly has on purchaser purchasing and marking eminence? So as to answer it media sway must be rethought consistently. Section 3: Research Method and Procedure 3.1 Introduction The ebb and flow explore paper is worried about deciding a fitting media type (medium) which better suits propensities and inclinations of the watched populace. This part re Therefore the point of this section is to survey the examination techniques which were utilized in this undertaking. It is essential for a specialist to pick a reasonable technique for the issue. To get a full picture a mix of subjective and quantative research examination is suggested. This examination will take the accompanying strategy: characterize the exploration goals, build up the exploration approach and analyze the procedure. 3.2 Research Objectives. This examination mulls over three fundamental destinations. Right off the bat, it looks to decide respondents mentalities to publicizing as a rule. Besides, it attempts to distinguish understudies inclinations among various kinds of media. The last goal of the overview is worried about assessing the effects of commercial crusades on the buying choices of understudies in the UK. Research test Since the populace every single International Student in London is too large, the example, that will be extricated from the populace, are twenty Queen Mary University understudies doing Pre-Masters establishment Program in 2010-11. The example procedure that will be utilized is a straightforward arbitrary testing or simply irregular inspecting. This technique accept that every unit has the very same opportunity to be chosen and utilized so as to maintain a strategic distance from any inclination 3.3 Research Approach and Instruments. There are a few strategies for gathering information for an exploration. In the present paper the essential information was gathered utilizing surveys. This strategy has end up being productive path in getting both quantative and subjective information. The poll (Appendix 1) consolidated both principle kinds of inquiries which are normally utilized in reviews: open-finished inquiries and shut inquiries. Open inquiries are intriguing a direct result of the suddenness and individual kind of the answers, however much of the time it is hard to pack free answers into a predetermined number of PC coding. While open inquiries provided for the examination profundity and scope of data, discoveries in shut inquiries furnished the exploration with measurable proof. 3.4 Process Questioner was recording all answers verbatim on the grounds that there is consistently a risk of questioner predisposition through mistaken chronicle. So as to make the inspecting irregular, the overview will be directed set up and when it is exceptionally conceivable to browsed moderately enormous number of understudies 3.4 Specific inquiries

Analyze The Development Of Tom Joad In The Grapes Of Wrath Essay Example For Students

Break down The Development Of Tom Joad In The Grapes Of Wrath Essay In the event that you consider Ma Joad solid, at that point think about Pa limestone The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, shows an entire family and their battles. The grapes of Wrath is designed according to a scriptural reference to the Israelites, divine beings picked individuals. They likewise left their property, Egypt, and meandered into the desert for some years,searching futile for a guaranteed land, the place where there is milk and nectar. A ton like the Israelites, numerous ranchers in the nation started moving to California. The Joads I accept had no real option except to leave the residue bowl to look for some kind of employment. They additionally needed to cross the desert and lost the life of Grandma Joad all the while. During the downturn the Joads ranch was dispossessed. Them and surrounding them were driven from their territory. The downturn made all be amazingly poor. In the event that this hadnt been the situation the transients would have all made it toward the west coast much simpler. The nation set itself up during the downturn in a manner that caused just an endless loop. The nation was stuck and held itself there. Steinbeck was attempting to catch a normal wretchedness cleared family. In this hunt he made the Joads. Banks started to dispossess homesteads and individuals got destitute. The misfortunes of all that they claimed made individuals must choose between limited options. The main route was to leave. They were driven from their property. A troublesome battle lied ahead for the individuals. They left with all that they possessed. There was close to nothing, they tied it onto, for the most part to a dilapidated old get truck. With Steinbeck attempting to show the genuine issues intermitanly presented all the political perspectives and viewpoints of the downturn. He would, in odd parts, show the viewpoints that lay for everybody, not simply the Joads. Stein beck regularly indicated the partiality and scorn for the vagrants. Some place around the center of the book an okie family stops at a side of the road 66 truck stop. They are planning to get some bread with the simple cash they have proportioned. The server is severe and attempts to dispose of the man. She turns down his requirements for an a large portion of a portion of bread. her manager turns and denounces her. The man is sold a limited quantity of bread for his cash. The man goes to see his sons looking at the treats case. It eats at his stomach to realize that he cannot stand to purchase his young men candy. The man bashfully inquires as to whether t!he candy is penny candy. The server answers no. The man hurts. The server turns and expresses that its two for a penny. Grinning as they head not far off the server likes herself as the confections were a nickel a piece. The downturn and all the vagrant brought a ton of disdain and outrage. Be that as it may, in a couple of cases it additionally made individuals draw up a kinder side of the server Mae, was appeared by Steinbeck. Most likely the greatest demonstration of consideration Steinbeck shows is toward the finish of the novel. The greatest images found without anyone else lead to the misfortune. Rose of Sharon Joad loses her infant before she conveys. Thereafter, as were extremely acquainted with comes incredible flooding. This is the place Steinbeck shows the coming liberality. Rose of Sharon bosom takes care of a destitute more bizarre, sparing an actual existence. The impact on individuals on account of the downturn is appeared by Steinbeck. He gives the grace and the harshness that went to our nation. The impact originates from death and destitution simply equivalent to whenever period yet the reason was a lot more grounded the downturn. .u3cad99dbf32d76aa29a4c086a155ed1d , .u3cad99dbf32d76aa29a4c086a155ed1d .postImageUrl , .u3cad99dbf32d76aa29a4c086a155ed1d .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u3cad99dbf32d76aa29a4c086a155ed1d , .u3cad99dbf32d76aa29a4c086a155ed1d:hover , .u3cad99dbf32d76aa29a4c086a155ed1d:visited , .u3cad99dbf32d76aa29a4c086a155ed1d:active { border:0!important; } .u3cad99dbf32d76aa29a4c086a155ed1d .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u3cad99dbf32d76aa29a4c086a155ed1d { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u3cad99dbf32d76aa29a4c086a155ed1d:active , .u3cad99dbf32d76aa29a4c086a155ed1d:hover { haziness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u3cad99dbf32d76aa29a4c086a155ed1d .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3cad99dbf32d76aa29a4c086a155ed1d .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .u3cad99dbf32d76aa29a4c086a155ed1d .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u3cad99dbf32d76aa29a4c086a155ed1d .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3cad99dbf32d76aa29a4c086a155ed1d:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u3cad99dbf32d 76aa29a4c086a155ed1d .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u3cad99dbf32d76aa29a4c086a155ed1d-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u3cad99dbf32d76aa29a4c086a155ed1d:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Bipolar Disorder Essaywww.123student.comWords/Pages : 608/24

Essay Topics on Happiness and Success

Essay Topics on Happiness and SuccessFinding essay topics on happiness and success can be tricky. You can't just run into the first thing that comes to mind when you think of happiness and success. Your topics should be based around your own interests, and personal experiences that have shaped who you are today. Here are a few suggestions for topics.Major accomplishments. Before you choose an essay topic, think about the major accomplishments that make you unique. These include achievements such as taking your family to a foreign country or successfully completing a difficult degree. Describe these accomplishments in the form of an essay that explains how they make you who you are today. Choose topics that make you feel proud to have achieved them.People. Before you think about writing an essay on happiness and success, consider the people in your life who have had a big impact on your life. Look for people who have been influential in your life and give more than the 'Best Father' a ward.Competition. One of the most important topics to consider is competition. You may not like the fact that you're competing with your friends, but you need to keep competing to stay motivated. It's a good idea to also include a discussion of what went wrong in your competition, and what you learned from it.Personal Growth. Personal growth means having a lot of inner changes over the course of your life. Think about the challenges you've faced and developed as a result. Give some detail, but don't worry about being too specific.Positive Achievements. You want to write about positive achievements that have taken place in your life.Make sure to include at least three different topics in your essay. You may need to jot down more than one theme to fully cover the topics that you've chosen. The more ideas you have, the better your chances of coming up with a topic that will appeal to your audience. It's good to write in a way that you feel comfortable speaking about your topic in front of a crowd.

All About Plagarism - 627 Words

A lot of students plagiarize without even realizing it. Throughout my paper I am going to tell you why students plagiarize, how plagiarism is detected, what the consequences are, why it’s important for students to understand, and what constitutes plagiarism. By the time I get done with my paper you will know all you need to know about plagiarism. Before we get started I am going to give you a definition of plagiarism. Plagiarism occurs when a writer deliberately uses someone else’s language, ideas or other original material without acknowledging (council of writing program administrators, 2003) There are many reasons why students plagiarize. Some students will intentionally plagiarize just to see if they can get it past there professor (why students plagiarize, 2011). In today’s world students learn quickly that finding data on the internet is a valuable skill. In a lot of situations they think it’s okay to copy and paste not realizing that is plagiarism (why students plagiarize, 2011). A lot of students will plagiarize because they are trying to make a good grade, they are under enormous pressure from family, peers, and instructors to compete for scholarship’s, admission, and of course places in the job market. Students tend to focus on the end result of their research paper, rather than the skills they learn in doing it (why students plagiarize, 2011). The main reason why students plagiarize is because of poor planning. New college students fresh out of high school are notShow MoreRelatedWhy I Thought Plagarism Was Wrong973 Words   |  4 Pagesessay on plagarism. On whether I thought plagarism was wrong. I had to use two sources that the insstructor had provided plus other ones I wanted regarding that topic and my perspective of why I thought it was wrong. The essay did not have to be extremely long. I started by looking on Google Advance Search for things that were related to plagarism and the different type they were. Looking at all the different types, I decided to simply write about academic plagarism and work related plagarism. NowRead MoreThe Aeneid and The Odyssey1324 Words   |  6 PagesAre there similarities between Homers The Odyssey and Virgils The Aeneid? There are many similarities that could be examined indepth. The lovers encountered in both plays can lead to the idea of ancient plagarism. The games held by the greeks and trojans are similar to the Olympic Games. The downfall of characters, cities or monsters can be seen often in many stories. Maybe rewriting history is the effort of a plagarist to cheat true historical events. The lovers Aeneas and Odysseus encounterRead MorePersonal Reflection1034 Words   |  5 Pageslife remains in balance, I will continue attending Church each Sunday to thank the Almighty and mingle with fellow-believers. As I strive to bring about change in my present and future professional life, my understanding of the interplay between the theory, research, and practice in education inspires me to be the best educator I can, by applying all the concepts and insights acquired during the learning process. I was drawn to teaching as a profession through the example of my father and motherRead MorePlagiarism Habits Of Politicians : Plagiarism876 Words   |  4 Pagesnegative impact. Mainly, our society also practiced this even they know it is not good and it will impact negatively. This article posted in The New Yorker, mainly illustrates about plagiarism and its results in politics. Politicians are mainly practiced of plagiarism. As they want to prove themselves, they are best among all of them and they copy other s work somehow. There is like a trend, Political leaders have practiced of plagiarism while they gave speech and also in writing. Osnos mentions someRead MorePlagiarism: a Social Problem1696 Words   |  7 Pagesgiving extensions. A few years ago, that would have been it: You would have passed in the paper late, if at all, and dealt with the consequences. But this is 2007, and so, in your most desperate hour, you try a desperate ploy. You log on to the internetÂ… enter t erm papers into the search engine, and find your way to www.al-termpaper.com. There, you scroll down past the big red disclaimer (All work offered is for research purposes only), find a paper that fits the assignment, enter your credit cardRead MoreImportance Of Integrity And Meaning Of Integrity1890 Words   |  8 PagesIMPORTANCE OF INTEGRITY AND PLAGARISM The definition of Integrity (noun) in the Merriam-Webster dictionary is: 1: firm adherence to a code of especially moral or artistic values: INCORRUPTIVILITY. 2 : an unimpaired condition. 3: the quality or state of being complete or undivided. Here is an example of the word being used on Merriam- Webster dictionary; the earthquake may have damaged the building’s structural integrity. All these are different definitions that explain what integrity is. My ownRead MoreA History Of The World s Six Glasses By Tom Standage2029 Words   |  9 PagesThese questions will be due by Monday, August 25th. These should be typed and submitted to Turnit.com as well as a hard copy to your instructor. You will be given 5 points for Turnitin.com on time and without plagarism. Section One: Beer in Mesopotamia and Egypt 1A. We can find out about prehistoric lives through non-written sources such as pictograms. There is many benefits to exploring history through non-written sources. Through these sources you are able to understand how the first civilizationsRead MoreTechnologys Impact On Learning Bibliography2071 Words   |  8 Pagesthe current paradigm of assessment within the distance learning environment, and find ways to alternatively assess progress that are not conducive to cheating. Essay exams that have unique or peer reviews, discussion groups, group projects, etc. are all examined as part of a new way to both summatively and formatively assess progress. Decoo, W. (2002). Crisis on Campus: Confronting Academic Misconduct Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Academic text showing plethora of cheating, especially in higher educationRead MoreWoolworths Introduction4438 Words   |  18 Pagesredesigning some of the learning materials and resources to make better use of the electronic platforms and relevant current issues and information - this will improve your learning and enhance the subject experience as you as a group have access to all available materials. Your subject coordinator Belinda Fridey Teaching staff Lecturer Name: Belinda Fridey Lecturer Email: BFridey@studygroup.com (mailto:BFridey@studygroup.com) Academic biography Charles Sturt University Subject Outline MBA503 201330

How to Read Literature Like a Professor Outline Essay

How To Read Literature Like a Professor Outline Chapter 1 – Every Trip Is a Quest (Except When It’s Not) Main Ideas: To have a quest, a novel must have A knight A dangerous path A holy grail An evil knight A dragon A princess The quest is always educational and provides knowledge of ones self Chapter 2 – Nice To Eat With You: Acts of Communion Main Ideas: It is a communion â€Å"Whenever people eat or drink together...† Breaking bread together is an act of sharing and peace There has to be a compelling reason to include a meal scene in the story because they’re typically boring. When we eat, we tend to want to do it with people we are comfortable with. Usually sharing a meal is a common factor that all living†¦show more content†¦We all are descended from gods and the parallel being used shows us that we all can have greatness in all of us, no matter the circumstances. When there are three escaped convicts it could be parallel to the wanderings of Odysseus. Greek and Roman myths often explain natural phenomena, such as, change of seasons (Persephone, Demeter, and Hades) The recognition of myths is important because it makes our experience with literature deeper. Chapter 10 – It’s More Than Just Rain or Snow Main Ideas: Stories need setting it’s essential and you could say that weather is apart of it. Weather is never just weather Sleet is too rare to generalize Rain can associate fear because drowning magnifies fear (us being land creatures). Rain profound this sort. Rain helps in plot because it forces men together in a uncomfortable circumstance. Rain as an atmospheric weather condition can be mysterious, murky, isolating, and miserable and brings on misery. Fog also has the same qualities. Interlude – Does He Mean That? Main Ideas: No one knows for certain what a dead author is eluding. â€Å"We can be pretty sure, depending on what they themselves tell us, but in general we make guesses† With hints, evidence, and trace can help understand whats lying behind the text. It doesn’t take a literary genius to do. Chapter 11 - ...More Than It’s GonnaShow MoreRelatedLearning the Process of Writing in a First-Year Composition Course1601 Words   |  7 PagesI entered my first-year college composition course believing I was equipped with the knowledge, skill, and ability to write an efficiently researched and well-organized essay. In high school, I learned how to create the traditional five-paragraph paper with its introduction of a thesis, explanation of that claim through three sections riddled with supporting quotes, and conclusion that restated the author’s substantiated statement. This was the prescribed formula I had learned and grown accustomedRead MoreReflection Essay on Writing and the Composition of Literature817 Words   |  3 PagesWriting and the composition of literature is an art that has been passed down for many generations. Some have been blessed with the uncanny ability to create masterful scripts, but others, like myself, struggle day-to-day with writing simp le pieces. I am constantly attempting to improve my ability to write, and this class especially helped me to improve my writing. I can see my essays developing more and more along with my final grades on the papers increasing as well. However simple writing mayRead MoreOutline over Fahrenheit 451*728 Words   |  3 PagesOutline over Farenheit 451 I. Characters A) Guy Montag 1. A third-generation fireman. 2. Tries to find the meaning of books instead of burning them. B) Mildred Montag 1. Montag s brittle, sickly looking wife. 2. Obsessed with television and hates getting in frank conversation with her husband over her feelings or marriage. C) Captain Betty 1. Captain of Montag s fire department. 2. He hates books and anyone who reads them. D) Professor Faber 1. Retired English Professor. 2. A man whoRead MoreGraduation Speech : Class Assignments828 Words   |  4 Pagesstrategies that I can use for the future to come. For this paper I want to talk about how, in detail, about the class assignments, the essays, and also the organization of this class. The first thing I want to talk about is the assignments that I have had in the class. During this course we are given assignments to post onto the discussion board, which I believe is excellent, because this allows you to see how the students around you approach the situation. This does not necessarily mean they lookRead MoreSilvia Parra Dela Longa. Professor: Leslie Richardson.1404 Words   |  6 PagesSilvia Parra Dela Longa Professor: Leslie Richardson ENGL 2342 26 February 2017 The Style of Ernest Hemingway According to critic Robert McCrum, associate literary editor of The Observer, and writer of six novels (theguardian.com) The Sun also Rises ranks number 53 on the list of the 100 best novels of 20th century American Literature. Why does The Sun Also Rises is respected as landmark in the world of words? One of the reasons is about the writing style of Hemingway, which transformed the pathRead MoreMy Journey Through Reading And Writing963 Words   |  4 Pages I love to read when I find an interesting book. It’s easy for me to be sucked into a book if the story catches my eye. I mostly like to read teen romance novels. They appeal to me simply because of my interest in a love story. My parents hate buying me books because they know I’ll be finished reading within a week or so. Reading has always been really easy to me. It seems almost natural to be sucked into other worlds. The words start to flow over the pages and suddenly it feels like I’m not evenRead MoreMy Writing Skills Improved Over The Last Semester950 Words   |  4 PagesParticipating in this writing class has taught me so much more than stuff about literature and language, it has taught me another way of expressing myself. I have learned here how to write and express myself, how to think for myself, and how to find the answers to the things that I don t know. Most importantly I have learned how important technique, outlines and organization are. My goal in this paper is to inform writers about how my writing skills have improved. Learning about the different type of writingRead MoreMy Time At Mercy College1528 Words   |  7 Pagesinteresting I pursued it the way I did, though I always performed well in high school English classes, my experience at college was not the easy A English classes had always been for me . English 101/102 were a breeze for me, but when I hit my first literature class the very first paper I turned in came back with a low grade and a note to go to the learning center for help rewriting it. I was hurt, and perhaps at the time even in denial I would be so lost in an English course, but I did need help. WhileRead MoreThe Layers And Cycles Of Writing. Like The Layers On An1487 Words   |  6 PagesThe Layers and Cycles of Writing Like the layers on an oil painting, the more layers and revisions in a piece of writing, the more a piece glows from within. Similarly, the more pieces that I wrote during this semester, the more effortless it became to create each new layer. With lengthier papers due in shorter time frames, English 1102 forced me into a more efficient method of writing that still maintained its quality: the method of drafting. Though it meant binding myself into a long term commitmentRead MoreMy College English Class and What I learned809 Words   |  3 Pagesbefore, barely look over them and making few changes. This course encouraged me to outline, write a rough draft and constantly review then finalization the paper. Peer review before this class I though was pointless because most student hardly pay attention to the paper and usually wrote â€Å"good job.† The students in the class actually read my paper and gave honest feedback and ways to improve it. Also to have a teacher read your d raft and give feedback with what is wrong and ways to help the quality of

A Lesson In Romantics free essay sample

Perhaps the most confusing creature on this earth, by far, is the woman. An ever-flowing waterfall of hormones and emotions, the woman is a blubbering, hysterical mess who never seems to know what it wants. In addition to being fickle and overly sensitive, it is only attracted to men who treat it like a doormat. Few are less fortunate than the man who is everything a woman could possibly want and need in a partner, but remains trapped in the Friend Zone because it is blind to his sheer perfection. The antics of the woman are absolutely unfathomable. How is anyone expected to understand it? Do women even understand each other? The paradox that is the woman, however, can be easily explained when compared to an entitlement program. An entitlement program is a government program that guarantees certain benefits and assistance to a particular segment of the population. Examples of entitlement programs are Medicare, Social Security, and federal retirement plans. We will write a custom essay sample on A Lesson In Romantics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The part of the population that is entitled to these benefits is the working sector. Essentially, people who work all their lives are entitled to be reimbursed for it later. Those that put in get to take out. The woman operates in a very similar way. Those that put in get to take out. What does this mean? It’s simplethe man who puts forth the effort it takes to obtain a woman is the one who is entitled to get one. It is this basic principle that has always rung true, yet men have been missing it for decades. Of course, the question of what qualifies as â€Å"effort† arises. Well, as stated before, entitlement programs cater to those who have worked all their lives for the benefits they receive. A person who has only worked a day in his entire life span is not likely to be awarded by these programs. So naturally, the man who half-heartedly pursues a woman is not likely to gain its affections (benefits). When it comes to earning a woman, much like Social Security, the key is persistence. Men who shower their targets with gifts, who follow it wherever it goes, who ask it on dates time and time againin short, men who show how much they careare the ones who are the most deserving of rewards. It may very well take a long time for the woman to realize how worthy its suitor truly is, and thus patience is also a key element in the courtship of one. Afterall, people spend their entire lives working for Social Security. Those that put in get to take out. Think of the character Edward Bloom from the movie Big Fish. His wife was already engaged when he met it, but that did not stop him from claiming his prize. Edward relentlessly pursued the girl, finally winning it over by planting a field of daffodilsits favorite flowerin front of its sorority house. Now, there is a point when the waiting game becomes ridiculous. The stubborn woman who continually objects to a suitable man’s advancements is clearly in the wrong. What if the government as a whole decided a person was not good enough to receive Medicare or retirement benefits, even though this person worked tirelessly for them and was completely eligible to collect? The government would no doubt be held accountable for its actions. These programsas well as womenare something to which certain individuals are entitled to. To deny these individuals the prize that they have worked so very hard to obtain would be flat out immoral. Therefore, just like the government, the woman who attempts to oppress men by denying them their basic rights is subject to any reactions that men might be driven to. For example, the princess from the movie Brave decided to refuse marriage, even though three different bachelors traveled overseas just to compete for the girl’s hand. This incredibly selfish act resulted in threats of war, and for good reason. Luckily for the princess, the men decided that there were other fish in the sea. Yet another notable example is the sixteen-year-old girl who was stabbed to death in the halls of its high school last May. Prior to the attack, the girl had turned down a prom invitation from Christopher Plaskon, a handsome boy whoaccording to several witnessesadored it. Even though the girl already had a boyfriend, Christopher was still set on having it for himself. Enraged by what was likely the hundredth refusal, Christopher stabbed it in the neck several times. And who could blame him? The girl had it coming. The peculiar behavior of the woman has been giving men headaches since the beginning of time. This creature hardly make any sense with anything it says or does. Yet despite all of the woman’s shortcomings, it possesses a certain charm that drive men to seek it out. The quest to attain a woman can prove to be quite difficult, as its antics are beyond comprehension. But when compared to the basic system of government entitlement programs, the process of luring a woman becomes much simpler. The key is to just be patient and persistent. People who work hard are eventually awarded for their efforts. Those that put in get to take out.

The Death of Ivan Ilyich by Leo Tolstoy An analysis Essay Example

The Death of Ivan Ilyich by Leo Tolstoy: An analysis Paper One of the later works of Leo Tolstoy, the novella is preoccupied with the meaning of death, and by extension the meaning of life. The main character, Ivan Ilyich, is a sort of a symbol for common man in the industrial age. Outwardly, he has all the trappings of a successful life, but there is a persistent feeling of hollowness and ennui. As Tolstoy writes, his life had been â€Å"the most simple, the most ordinary and therefore most terrible†. This sentiment is all too common in the capitalist age, the rise which Tolstoy witnessed firsthand. It is basic human individual psychology to ward off the idea of their own death although everyone understands death in the abstract. The Death of Ivan Ilyich is not so much a work about death in the abstract, but death as a personal confrontation. It is ironic to note that even as he is terminally ill, Ivan cannot come round to grasp his own extinction. To the contrary he still believes that death is something that happens to other people and not to himself. Likewise, the mourners who turn up for Ivan’s funeral never acknowledge that one day they too would reach this state of lifelessness. They believe â€Å"as though death were a chance experience that could happen only to Ivan Ilyich and not to themselves†. (p.3) The syllogism he had learned from Kiesewetter’s logic – ‘Caius is a man, men are mortal, therefore Caius is mortal’–had always seemed to him correct as applied to Caius, but by no means to himself. That man Caius We will write a custom essay sample on The Death of Ivan Ilyich by Leo Tolstoy: An analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Death of Ivan Ilyich by Leo Tolstoy: An analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Death of Ivan Ilyich by Leo Tolstoy: An analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer â€Å"represented man in the abstract, and so the reasoning was perfectly sound; but he was not Caius, not an abstract man; he had always been a creature quite, quite distinct from all the others†¦. Caius really was mortal, and it was only right that he should die, but for him. Vanya, Ivan Ilyich, with all his thoughts and feelings, it was something else again. And it simply was not possible that he should have to die. That would be too terrible.† (Bozovic, 2004, p.223) The main reason why Ivan Ilyich has such a hard time accepting his own death is because he has led an unfulfilled life. He led â€Å"the most simple, the most ordinary and therefore most terrible† sort of life. And it is this major failure during his most productive years that troubles him from accepting his life’s termination. Through the torment and tribulations of Ivan Ilyich, Tolstoy is probing a problem all too common to humanity, namely, how one can live a life uncompromised. Indeed, it is the least controversial lifestyles are the most compromised in terms of essence. In other words, it is extremely difficult to live for one’s own aspirations and to fulfill one’s true calling with complete honesty, liberty and integrity. The reason why Ilyich had attained high office toward the end of his career is in large part because he went along with the established social, cultural and political norms. Had he dared question the flaws in the system and ha d he tried to distance himself from corruption that is ubiquitous in society then he would have made a lot of enemies. As a consequence, his reputation and social goodwill will diminish. If he had chosen to be morally upright whenever confronted with the flaws inherent in society he would not have had a successful career. Hence, looking the other way is the basis for his material and social success. Tolstoy is unambiguous in his stance that such a life is not worth living. In many ways this authorial position is resonant with Plato’s famous claim that â€Å"an unexamined life is not worth living†. The story is also a metaphorical journey toward illumination, in that, Ilyich only truly understands the failure of his erstwhile existence upon the shock of facing death. In this sense his approach toward his finality is an awakening to his own repressed reality. In his case the repression is so internalized and automatic that he carried a feeling of living a successful and responsible life. This feeling was nothing but an illusion which gave respectability to the mundane and trivial existence. By not heeding to what his true calling in life is, Ilyich had lived â€Å"the most simple, the most ordinary and therefore most terrible† life. This individual experience highlights a broader social phenomena, namely, the refusal to accept death in a gracefully and pragmatically. We have, in our culture, â€Å"an unspoken agreement not to speak about our own death. Mention of it is withheld lest we appear tactless, self-indulgent, neurotic, morbid, or even cowardly. There is no precise language to name death, to accept death and our dead. Without such a language we cannot integrate it. Integration requires metaphor and ritual. When as a group we are confronted with an image of dread, the group mind clangs shut. It is through the symbolic, the metaphors and rituals, that a group is able to integrate its fate collectively and individually.† (Klement, 1994, p.73) Works Cited Bozovic, Miran. â€Å"Auto-Iconicity and Its Vicissitudes: Bentham and Plato.† Helios31 (2004): 223+. Klement, Vera. â€Å"An Artist’s Notes on Aging and Death.† Art Journal1 (1994): 73+. Tolstoy, 1981. The Death of Ivan Ilyich. Trans. Lynn Solotaroff. New York

Making Discipline Decisions for Principals

Making Discipline Decisions for Principals A major facet of a school principal’s job is to make discipline decisions. A principal should not be dealing with every discipline issue in the school, but should instead be focused on dealing with the bigger problems. Most teachers should deal with smaller issues on their own. Handling discipline issues can be time-consuming. The bigger issues almost always take some investigation and research. Sometimes students are cooperative and sometimes they are not. There will be issues that are straight forward and easy, and there will be those that take several hours to handle. It is essential that you are always vigilant and thorough when collecting evidence. It is also crucial to understand that each discipline decision is unique and that many factors come into play. It is important that you take into account factors such as the grade level of the student, severity of the issue, history of the student, and how you have handled similar situations in the past. The following is a sample blueprint of how these issues could be handled. It is only intended to serve as a guide and to provoke thought and discussion. Each of the following problems is typically considered to be a serious offense, so the consequences should be pretty tough. The scenarios given are post-investigation giving you what was proved to have actually happened. Bullying Introduction: Bullying is probably the most dealt with discipline issue at a school. It is also one of the most looked at school problems in the national media due to the increase in teen suicides that have been traced back to bullying problems. Bullying can have a life long effect on victims. There are four basic types of bullying including physical, verbal, social, and cyber bullying. Scenario: A 5th-grade girl has reported that a boy in her class has been verbally bullying her for the past week. He has continuously called her fat, ugly, and other derogatory terms. He also mocks her in class when she asks questions, coughs, etc. The boy has admitted to this and says he did so because the girl annoyed him. Consequences: Start by contacting the boy’s parents and asking them to come in for a meeting. Next, require the boy to go through some bullying prevention training with the school counselor. Finally, suspend the boy for three days. Continuous Disrespect/Failure to Comply Introduction: This will likely be an issue that a teacher has tried to handle by themselves, but haven’t had success with what they’ve tried. The student hasn’t fixed their behavior and in some cases has gotten worse. The teacher is essentially asking the principal to step in and mediate the issue. Scenario: An 8th-grade student argues about everything with a teacher. The teacher has talked to the student, given the student detention, and contacted the parents for being disrespectful. This behavior has not improved. In fact, it has gotten to the point that the teacher is starting to see it affect other students’ behavior. Consequences: Set up a parent meeting and include the teacher. Attempt to get to the root of where the conflict lies. Give the student three days In School Placement (ISP). Continuous Failure to Complete Work Introduction: Many students across all grade levels do not complete work or do not turn it in at all. Students who continuously get away with this may have large academic gaps that after time almost becomes impossible to close. By the time a teacher asks for help on this from the principal, it is likely that it has become a serious issue. Scenario: A 6th-grade student has turned in eight incomplete assignments and hasn’t turned in another five assignments at all over the past three weeks. The teacher has contacted the student’s parents, and they have been cooperative. The teacher has also given the student detention each time they have had a missing or incomplete assignment. Consequences: Set up a parent meeting and include the teacher. Create an intervention program to hold the student more accountable. For example, require the student to attend a Saturday School if they have a combination of five missing or incomplete assignments. Finally, place the student in ISP until they have caught up on all work. This assures that they will have a fresh start when they return to class. Fighting Introduction: Fighting is dangerous and often leads to injury. The older the students involved in the fight are, the more dangerous the fight becomes. Fighting is an issue you want to create a strong policy with strong consequences to discourage such behavior. Fighting typically doesn’t resolve anything and will likely happen again if it isn’t dealt with appropriately. Scenario: Two eleventh grade male students got into a major fight during lunch over a female student. Both students had lacerations to their face and one student may have a broken nose. One of the students involved has been involved with another fight previously in the year. Consequences: Contact both students’ parents. Contact the local police asking them to cite both students for public disturbance and possibly assault and/or battery charges. Suspend the student who has had multiple issues with fighting for ten days and suspend the other student for five days. Possession of Alcohol or Drugs Introduction: This is one of the issues which schools have zero tolerance for. This is also one of the areas where the police will have to be involved in and will likely take lead in the investigation. Scenario: A student initially reported that a 9th-grade student is offering to sell other students some â€Å"weed†. The student reported that the student is showing other students the drug and is keeping it in a bag inside their sock. The student is searched, and the drug is found. The student informs you that they stole the drugs from their parents and then sold some to another student that morning. The student that bought the drugs is searched and nothing is found. However, when his locker is searched you find the drug wrapped up in a bag and tucked in his backpack. Consequences: Both students’ parents are contacted. Contact the local police, advise them of the situation, and turn the drugs over to them. Always make sure that parents are there when police talk to students or that they have given permission to the police for them to talk to them. State laws may vary as to what you are required to do in this situation. A possible consequence would be to suspend both students for the remainder of the semester. Possession of a Weapon Introduction: This is another issue which schools have zero tolerance for. Police undoubtedly would be involved in this issue. This issue will bring the harshest consequences for any student violating this policy. In the wake of recent history, many states have laws in place that drive how these situations are dealt with. Scenario: A 3rd-grade student took his Dad’s pistol and brought it to school because he wanted to show his friends. Luckily it was not loaded, and the clip was not brought. Consequences: Contact the student’s parents. Contact the local police, advise them of the situation, and turn the gun over to them. State laws may vary as to what you are required to do in this situation. A possible consequence would be to suspend the student for the remainder of the school year. Even though the student had no ill intent with the weapon, the fact remains that it is still a gun and must be dealt with severe consequences in accordance with law. Profanity/Obscene Material Introduction: Students of all ages mirror what they see and hear. This often drives the use of profanity at school. Older students especially use inappropriate words often to impress their friends. This situation can quickly get out of control and lead to larger issues. Obscene materials such as having pornography can also be detrimental for obvious reasons. Scenario: A 10th-grade student telling another student an obscene joke that contains the â€Å"F† word is overheard by a teacher in the hallway. This student has never been in trouble before. Consequences: Profanity issues can warrant a wide range of consequences. Context and history will likely dictate the decision you make. In this case, the student has never been in trouble before, and he was using the word in the context of a joke. A few days of detention would be appropriate for handling this situation.

The Debilitating Effect of Hierarchical Structures on Those With and Essay

The Debilitating Effect of Hierarchical Structures on Those With and Without Power Then and Now - Essay Example In various forms, hierarchy gives rise to leaders or a handful of principal individuals in a group, which naturally occurs from interactions. Magee and Galinsky (3) discuss the definition and behavior of a hierarchical structure: Resources are unequally distributed across individuals and groups, and positions and roles are granted different amounts of sources of power, which are conferred upon the individuals who occupy them. Like both human and non-human primate societies more generally, most, if not all, organizations have a stratified structure, a pyramid shape with fewer people at the top than at the bottom. Even when one considers the heterogeneity of organizational forms and organizational practices and cultures that are intended to dodge or suppress hierarchy, what is most noticeable is that hierarchy relentlessly rises up against these pressures. Most importantly, hierarchy is a naturally-forming phenomenon that is always present in various forms across all societies in the w orld. It inescapably develops between and within groups even when some organizations reduce the effect of its structure by adopting alternative models of shaping an organization (Leavitt 42). Social hierarchy in organizations is defined as â€Å"an implicit or explicit rank order of individuals or groups with respect to a valued social dimension† (Magee and Galinsky 5). ... 930). Hierarchies create power and control to individuals of the higher rank that hold greater ability, skills and motivation to complete certain tasks within a group. In formal hierarchy, the differentiated structure is constant but passive since changing the assembly of ranks is difficult and borderline unreasonable. On the other hand, the organizational structure in informal hierarchy is weak and conditional because the hierarchical differentiation is only done on short interaction based on stereotype-based expectations (Magee and Galinsky 7). Over the years, hierarchical structures faded and developed a debilitating effect to those members of groups and organizations that possess power and to those who lack one. This gradual weakening of hierarchy will be discussed by exploring the literary pieces, â€Å"The Use of Force† by William Carlos William, â€Å"Those Winter Sundays† by Robert Hayden, and â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† by Theodore Roethke. William Car los William’s famous short story, â€Å"The Use of Force† presents the application of physical superiority of a person with power to others who have none. In the story, a doctor is shown to diagnose a sick child whom they suspect of having the deadly disease diphtheria. The doctor needed to get a throat culture in the mouth of the child in order to examine the cause of the illness correctly, however the stubbornness of the child and the passive authority of the parents made the process harder to execute. The doctor appeared to be compassionate at first, addressing an open mind to the expressed fear of the child in being examined, and at the reluctance of the parents to accommodate a stranger like him into their home. But as the child becomes more

David Contracts Written Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

David Contracts Written Project - Essay Example In this similar concern, it can be affirmed that both the parties can be benefited from making a contract. It has to be enforceable by law. Though contracts can be of verbal or written type, preference must always given to the written contracts as they are quite uncomplicated to confirm in front of law (Dervort 107-108). DISCUSSION OF CONTRACT ELEMENTS Contracts are a kind of legally binding agreement by both the parties to a contract. Parties to a contract must know and understand that the agreement is enforceable by law. Contracts which are unlawful are void and not enforceable in the court. One of the important pre-conditions of the development of a contract is its legality (Cheeseman 1-250). Offer is principally viewed to be an expression of readiness which especially makes by an offeror with the intention of getting the offer duly accepted by an offeree. It is worth mentioning that offer is often viewed to be one of the initial as well as one of the influential elements of a con tract. Offer is duly considered to be an important contract element as it is viewed to be the initial step in entering into a particular contract (Dervort 107-108). It can be viewed that when an offeree agrees upon the offer which provides by an offeror, then it certainly becomes an acceptance. With the completion of acceptance process, both the parties come under a specific contract. Without the acceptance, contracts can never be formed. It is to be stated that an acceptance can be in both forms i.e. written or oral. Consideration is typically considered to be an act of a contract process. With the significant concern of consideration, individuals making a contract promise to perform or abstain from performing certain act. It has been apparently observed that consideration comprises either harm to the promisee or a benefit on behalf of the promisor. In the contract agreement, consideration plays an important role for the promises made by both the parties. Specially mentioning, it h as to be enforceable by lawful regulations (Dervort 107-108). There are many countries, which set a standard age for the age of majority. For most of the nations, it is 18. Any age below the age of 18 is called age of minority. There is an Infancy Doctrine made for the minorities. This doctrine states that minors need to be protected from the unscrupulous behavior of the adults. Minors can also rescind the contract as per as this doctrine is concerned. In the matter of writing, a contract needs to be formal and properly signed, expressed and with implied reference (Cheeseman 1-250). Contracts have to be legal and thus they must be presented and proved at the court. Contracts are generally viewed to be ‘meeting of the minds’ as two or more individuals can enter into a particular contract. In terms of legality, contracts need to be presented to another party without using fraud, threatening or other illegal activities. In order to determine the contract element i.e. legal ity, it is to be stated that the prime intention of a particular contract must be for a lawful purpose. The general law of contracts and many state statutes protect individuals who lack contractual capacity from having contracts forced especially on them. The requirement of parties accent needs to be real and genuine (Dervort 107-108). On the other hand, the contract element concerning meeting of the mind

Social Biases Essay Example for Free

Social Biases Essay Dr. Deirdre Teaford Abstract People behave differently toward other culture and groups and discriminate in many forms of social bias. These biases can impact harshly an individuals career and social life. Discrimination, prejudice, and stereotypes can influence adversely an individuals quality of life. The concept is more prevalent in society that most people realize. This problem could be unfavorable to group cohesion, cooperation, and the success of society. Humans prefer to go with the flow of a crowd. When an idea is chosen by the masses (an entire nations or a small group), the individualized brain enters a kind of hive mind mentality. This causes social norms and behaviors to propagate among the individuals regardless of the evidence in support. This type of social bias is built with the desire to conform or fit in. Social biases have been a barrier humans have experienced from generation to generation. They take short cuts to make sense of the world. Humans have made rash decisions or discriminatory practices based on gender, race, ethnicity, religious affiliation, political preferences, and socioeconomic tatus. Humans have become fallible and has been subjected to their many flaws by making errors in Judgment, memory, and social attribution. Social psychologists have claimed these biases can be eliminated if the individuals have the motivation and capacity to change their attitude. According to Fiske (2010), Some people think bias is a thing of the past, and others think it is a real and present danger that targets diverse social groups (p. 28). Moreover, there are subtle and obvious misunderstandings among groups of individuals that affects the bias of people in heir lives, but strategies for change are possible (Fiske, 2010). In this analysis, the concept of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination will be defined. In the same aspect, the analysis will describe the differences between blatant and subtle bias while identifyi ng some common biases that may affect the lives of individuals and Stereotyping, and Discrimination Gender and ethnic stereotypes are inevitable. In the context of affirmative action, the inevitability has played an important practical implication. One arguments against affirmative action is that employers and educational administrators should be ender-blind and colorblind in their hiring and recruiting process (Stewart, Weeks, Lupfer, 2003). Individuals are often hurt by discriminatory and prejudicial behaviors and attitudes. The current laws cannot halt prejudicial or stereotyping attitudes, but they can address instances of discrimination. Discrimination, stereotyping, and prejudice are somewhat similar, but they are very different. Prejudice The operational definition involves reacting fervently to an individual on the basis of ones feelings about the group (Fiske, 2010). It is a belief that formulated without considering the facts. It is also an unwarranted or negative attitude toward a person based on his or her association of a social group. Stereotyping The operational definition entails an individuals cognitive associations and expectations about a group. These expectations will encompass the beliefs about the characteristics of a group (Fiske, 2010). Moreover, it is an indiscriminate belief about a class of people or particular group. Advantage: It allows the individual to respond hastily to certain situations because he or she may had a related experience. Disadvantage: It will make us ignore the differences between people. Discrimination The operational definition involves acting on the basis of ones prejudices and stereotypes, rebuffing equality of treatment that individuals wish to have (Fiske, 2010). Moreover, it is the negative behavior, or actions toward a group of people or individual on the basis of social/race/gender class. In this context, discrimination can be either blatant or subtle. Subtle and Blatant Bias In the last two decades, there is no doubt that women have made strides in the fight for equality. Many can recognize that women have overcome the many prejudices against their participation in the workforce (Earnshaw, 1993). In our society, blatant bias is being replaced by subtle bias to decrease the broad- mindedness for obviously biased behavior. Subtle bias is also acknowledged as modern prejudice. This does not mean that women do not get discriminated at work even though they have achieved equality of opportunity (Earnshaw, 1993). The first generation bias was more hostile towards women who needed to be in home with the children. On this second generation bias, for example, women may get more narrative praise than the male co-workers but low rating point related to Job performance (Earnshaw, 1993). Subtle Bias This particular modern bias is indirect and is manifested by withholding respect and sympathy. It is ambiguous and sometimes involves positive and hostile feelings that can cause extreme responses (Fiske, 2010). Blatant Bias This old-fashioned bias ensues as a result of threats to the struggle for positive group identity. They include segregation, physical attack, extermination, avoidance, opinion clearly in regard to a particular individual or group. Impact of Social Bias The lives of individuals can be influenced by social biases. Negative outcomes like neglect, hostile environment, or avoidance may be created by discrimination. When a biased individual interacts with an outgroup members, the expressed behavior of the individual will solicit negative and ill attitudes. Prejudice will influence the individuals lives with instances of ageism, sexism, and racism that will affect their career and social life. According to Vaish, Grossman, and Woodward (2008), When adults display a negative bias across an array of psychological situations, they will use the negative information instead of the positive one (p. 383). Moreover, the negativity bias may serves as an evolutionary adaptive purpose of helping individuals afely explore and examine the environment to avoid harmful situations (Vaish et. al. , 2008). Two Strategies to Overcome Social Biases There are several strategies to minimize social biases, such as affirmative action, and equal opportunity laws. The majority of these strategies involve constant intergroup contact. The key term for a biased individual is change. Old habits die hard but and individual can break those habits. According to Fiske (2010), Intergroup contact and mutual differentiation are two possible strategies to minimize the bias. Intergroup Contact These are interactions between members of different social groups. During the contact, there is equal status in the groups, there are common goals, and there is no competition but cooperation. They are not easy to meet, but they make complete sense (Fiske, 2010). Mutual Differentiation In this context, mutual differentiation is important for two reasons: (1) People retain awareness of individuals social identity in the contact situation, and (2) Individuals seem typical in the sense that they represent their own groups (Fiske, 2010). In Conclusion The motivation of change is the key to steer away from social biases. The bias will be the individuals preference toward a peculiar way of viewing or thinking omething. This behavior will be influenced by a certain prejudice.

British War :: essays research papers

!! YOU ARE THERE !!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most important event in U.S. History in my opinion would be Washington’s escape from the British Army at New York. This event changed the course of U.S. History because it was the closest the movement for freedom came to being crushed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It all started when Washington and his army were waiting for the British on Long Island. He expected the British to launch a full frontal assault. He did not look at his flanks, and was heavily dug in. This would be where the U.S. defeated the British for good, or died trying.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Unfortunately the British did not come up the front; they instead launched a small frontal attack while sending men to the flank. Washington’s army curled up, they had no place to go, and this was the end for the United States. Somehow though the British didn’t press the attack and Washington managed to slip off the island at night without the Red Coats seeing him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I chose the battle of Long Island because it was where America was saved from the brink of disaster. If Washington had failed to get the Army off at night, or the British had pressed the attack, poof, no America. It may have not been the bloodiest, it may not have been the most exciting, but it certainly was the most important date in American History   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In my opinion Samual Adams was the most important man in American history. There may be a lot of men that are better known, but they all came because of the great rabble-rouser himself. Without men like Sammy there would have been no American Revolution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Boston Samual Adams was one of the influential people that started the Son’s of Liberty. Without them nobody would have stolen the ballast from a British ship, or raided Fort William-Mary. If those hadn’t been stolen the British would have never marched on Lexington and Concord, and the Revolutionary war would not have happened.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Maybe he was a man of coincidence, or maybe he knew what he was doing, but however you look at it Sam Adams was a big part in America gaining its independence.

Corrosiveness of Soda Essay

Soft drinks, also called as sodas, are one of the most popular beverages that are drunk worldwide. Several brands of sodas, mainly from the brands The Coca-Cola Company, Pepsi, and Dr. Pepper-Snapple, are competing in their sales. As of 2012, the leading brand of food beverages is Coca-Cola. Statistics show that more than a billion Coca-Cola products are consumed daily worldwide. That means that we are consuming more sodas than ever before, and many health issues are showing up, including teeth problems. Soft drinks can be found almost everywhere, from sari-sari stores, canteens, stalls, groceries, restaurants, and other places. The average capita consumption of sodas in the Philippines is seven liters per day, which is alarming. Most soft drinks contain high sugar content, as a typical 12-ounce can of soda contains 9 to twelve teaspoons of sugar. Sugar has been shown to suppress the immune system and has been linked to cancer, heart disease, diabetes, hypoglycemia, gout, kidney hypertrophy, retinopathy, obesity, hyperactivity, learning disability, viral, bacterial, fungal, and yeast infections, peptic ulcer, hiatal hernias, gallstones, Crohn’s disease, shortened life span, and depression. Sodas also provide empty calories, and that is also not a good point in drinking it. These are calories that enter your bloodstream without even providing vitamins, minerals, or proteins that you need for your health. Also, most brands of soda pop are sweetened with high fructose corn syrup. High fructose corn syrup has been shown to be more very harmful than sugar. As much as we are more concerned of sugar content and the empty calories that soft drinks have, we must also consider the acidity of it. The corrosiveness of soda is ten times that of fruit juices, as they have this certain ingredient, called phosphoric acid. The phosphoric acids in sodas are used as an acidifying agent to give the sodas their tangy flavor. A latest research in the Academy of General Dentistry even states that this acid reports that drinking any type of soft drink hurts teeth due to the phosphoric/ and or citric acid in the beverages. Although phosphorus is also important to the body, imbalance in phosphorus to calcium in your bones can cause your body to break down calcium from your bones and release it to your blood to balance acidity. Not only does it affect your bones, it also causes  teeth to rot and turn yellow, and can also result to digestive problems. Phosphoric acids in high concentrations are actually used for rust removal, which makes it all the more dangerous to intake. People have been drinking lots of soft drinks each day. We see them buying it from stores everywhere, and they drink it to â€Å"quench their thirst†, instead of just drinking plain water. Drinking water is always the best option in quenching thirst than soft drinks. The average capita consumption of sodas in the Philippines is seven liters per day per person. Seven liters per day per person is quite a shock, because sodas are not supposed to be taken in large amounts, let alone drinking it each day. So that means that if you don’t drink in a day or two, others might be taking twice or thrice the amount of the sodas that you do not drink. Many people just consider the sugar content, and some even believe soft drinks to be harmless. But prolonged exposure to sodas lead to significant tooth enamel loss, a study from the Academy of General Dentistry showed. This proves that we must be careful in drinking soft drinks, even if we do not let the soft drinks stuck inside our mouths. The corrosive effect of sodas start nearly immediately, and it increases within time. Sodas that are dark-colored are the most corrosive. As much as you see the effect that they did to the coins, the effect would be far greater to our teeth, as they corroded tarnish easily. The phosphoric acid content, added by the sugars of these sodas is the root cause of the erosion of tooth enamels. The soda that removes the tarnish the fastest is the most corrosive and dangerous to people’s teeth enamels.

Briefing Package for Incoming Minister Australia’s Offshore Detention policy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2884 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Overview of the Australia’s Offshore Detention policy The last two decades have experienced numerous amendments to the Australian’s offshore detention policy (Mares and Mares 2001, pp. 341). Majorly, as a political response to the ever increasing number of refugees and asylum seekers arriving the Australian coast by boats and a consequent reports of deaths at seas between Indonesia and Australia as well as the mistreatment of migrants including discrimination, sexual assault and murder, it is important to seek for further amendments of the policies as a remedy to the prevailing controversy. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Briefing Package for Incoming Minister: Australia’s Offshore Detention policy" essay for you Create order According to studies, 51,640 emigrants arrived in Australia within a period of 5 years to December 2013, and at least 860 deaths were recorded over the same period of five years. It is worth understanding that the both Australia’s major political parties in conjunction with the ministry of immigration have endeavoured to address the controversy surrounding Australian’s offshore detention policy through deterrence-based policies which seem to block access to protection as well as imposing heavy penalties on migrants who arrive by boat (Leach, M., 2003, pp. 25). Impact of the Australian’s offshore detention policy and its amendments In the period 2012 and 2013 financial year, the Australian refugee and humanitarian program had expanded to 20,000 places that have been divided between onshore protection and offshore resettlement. According to studies, this marks the largest increase to the program in three decades and is estimated to have resulted in 85% rise as far as the number of offshore resettlement visas issued is concerned. Furthermore, following the change of the government in 2013, the refugee and humanitarian program rescued to about 14000 places in which majority of these places were dedicated to offshore resettlement (Jupp 2014, pp. 540). However, the department of immigrations projects an increase of 15% places by the year 2019. The government has recently announced that it would create additional 10,000 humanitarian places for refugees and asylums following the crises reported in Iraq and Syria (Hawkins, F., 1991, pp 618). Further, the government has announced that it is finalizing granting all 10,000 visas, despite the fact that some people are yet to arrive in the designated places. In the last three decades, the Australian’s offshore detention policy has had various amendments as outlined below (Mares and Mares 2001, pp. 341). Community placements In October 2010, the Australian government adopted the use of community detention as an approach to hold immigration detentions. The government has also begun to release a significant number of asylum seekers from all the closed immigration detention facilities and integrating them into the community on Bridging Visas (Hawkins 1991, pp. 43). Bridging Visas allow the immigrants to integrate themselves into the community pending resolutions regarding their protection claims. The department of immigration has discovered that most asylum seekers with the Bridging Visas are allowed to have access to the country’s universal health care system and receive living allowances that are equivalent to the 80% of Centrelink Special Benefit (Mares and Mares 2001, pp. 341). The department of immigration has also ensured that people living in the community detention move freely and has the right to expression of speech but cannot choose where to live. That is, they should live in places whose addresses are determined and specified by the Minister for immigration. Such individuals are also subject to supervision arrangements and curfews. By 30th April 2017, the department reported about 560 individuals in community detention as well as more than 20,000 others living in the community on Bridging Visas (Steel et al. 2004, pp. 527). Work rights The Ministry of Immigration has dwelled tremendously with regard to work rights of refugees and asylum seekers. For example, by December 2014, the asylum seekers who had arrived in the country by boat after July 2012 and who had subsequently discharged from various immigration facilities and granted Bridging Visas were not eligible to work rights. In this note, by December 2014, the government granted work permits to the asylum seekers in this category. Before the amendment of the policy, individuals in community detention were not entitled to work rights (Borjas 2011, pp. 58). That is, most asylum seekers could suffer and live in poor conditions. Nevertheless, most asylum seekers enjoy relief as they can now apply for Bridging Visas that grant them working rights in the country. It should also be noted that despite such as relieve, there is still some challenges of timely renewal of the Visas as well as practical barriers to securing employment. These challenges indicate that many asylum seekers have difficulty finding employment despite the right to work.   Furthermore, most of these face the problem of losing work rights especially when their claims are refused. Access to case support With regard to the refugees and asylum’s access to support, the Status Resolution Support Services (SRSS) program provides that some Bridging Visa holders with complex needs can access more intensive casework support. However, most individuals in this category claim that they receive little assistance that is below their income support (Betts 2003, pp. 169). With regard to the most vulnerable individuals especially people with disabilities, mental health and children may be discharged into the community detention, a community placement that is more supportive and restrictive and which provides more intensive support than those offering services to individuals on Bridging Visas (Steel et al. 2004, pp. 527). Refugees with adverse security assessments Individuals with the well-founded fear of persecution should be assessed and cleared by the Australian Security and Intelligence Organization (ASIO) prior obtaining protection visas. The ministry of immigration, through ASIO, issued adverse security and investigation assessments to more than fifty refugees between 2010 and 2011. According to the guidelines provided by the ASIO, individuals subject to the assessment could not be deported back to their countries of origin because they were recognized as refugees and thus the government could not release them to the Australian community.   Therefore, these individuals were denied protection visas and subsequently remained in definitely in the closed detention facilitates. It is worth noting that, contrary to the rights exercised by the Australian citizens and residents, refugees and asylum seekers are denied the right to appeal the assessment. That is, none of them receive evidence or reasons for the adverse security assessments (Stee l et al. 2004, pp. 527). However, since 2015, many refugees have been released into the Australian community following the overturn of the adverse assessment by the ASIO. Furthermore, the policy dictates that the individuals who have had ASIO assessment overturned to reapply for protection visas. For the refugees who are still in the protection facilities, this indicates longer periods of detention especially if the government intends to release them based on their possession of protection visas. For example, in August 2014, the UN Human Rights Committee reported indefinite detention of the refugees was contrary to the International Covenant on Civil and political rights. Visa cancellations Following the amendments to section 501 of the Migration Act 1958, there are additional grounds based on which refugees and asylum seekers can fail a character test. Interestingly, the amendments now allow the minister for immigration to nullify or cancel an individuals visa on the basis of their character such as having a criminal record or posing or perceived to pose a threat to the Australian community (McMaster 2001, pp. 190). In this connection, individuals who have been sentenced to a year or more have their visas canceled. This means that the cancellation powers put refugees at risk of indefinite or prolonged detention because they cannot be deported to their countries of origin. Moreover, the co-location of individuals who spent time in prisons as well as individuals seeking asylum in the same detention facilities has resulted in tensions in the facilities and consequently intensified security measures put in place to manage the centers. Border Force Act In July 2015, the Australian Border Force (ABF) Act was enacted majorly to make crimes punishable by a period of 2 years imprisonment for entrusted individuals to disclose or make a record of protected information. Under the ABF Act, the entrusted individual could be a Border and Immigration worker including people employed or engaged by the Ministry of Immigration. This includes social educators, workers, and other contracted individuals by the Australian government to provide services on behalf of the Ministry. In October 2016, the ABF Act was further amended to exempt health professionals such as nurses and physicians working in detention from the description of Immigration and Border Protection workers. It is worth noting that the Act was amended before a High court challenge that was filled by a group comprised of nurses, doctors, and other health professionals. Problems and solutions associated with the refugee and asylum policy Adverse conditions and abuse It has been noted with concern that the Australian asylum policy condones abuse such as sexual harassment and prolonged and unlawful detention. It is clear that Australia has failed to address the severe abuse of asylum seekers and refugees in a bid to discourage others from entering the country (McMaster 2001, pp. 190). Various reports have shown that refugees and asylum seekers attempting to infiltrate the country via boats are taken to the offshore processing centres on the pacific islands of Papua New Guinea and Nauru, with the Australian government catering for the processing of the applications.   For example, about 2,000 asylum seekers and refugees on Nauru have reported serious inhumane treatment and abuse by the residents and officials of the Australian government (Leach 2003, pp. 255). That is, the conditions where the asylum seekers and refugees are housed are inadequate and comprise of cramped tents where temperatures are extremely unfavorable as they reach as high as 50oC.   Various interviews contacted by the Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch (HRW) has also indicated that these individuals are subjected to prison-like conditions such as two-minute showers, not allowed to use smartphones and regular search of their tent in the processing centre. In its efforts to review the matter, the ministry of immigration has raised various questions concerning the current Australia’s migration policy. Furthermore, there have been concerns that children detained in Nauru are at risk of post-traumatic stress disorder. This report was based on a reported traumatic incident in which two refugees held in Nauru had set themselves on fire in protest of the pathetic conditions they are subjected to (McMaster 2001, pp. 190). With this regard, the HRW and Amnesty have described the Australian immigration policy as controversial, and an indication of a persistent failure to address such abuses and to some extent condoning and adopting the abuses (Correa-Velez 2005, pp. 23). The Australian government began the process of directing the refugees and asylum seekers to Nauru in 2013 following a significant rise in the number of individuals trying to infiltrate the country via boats (Mountz, 2011, pp. 381). Recommendation/Option 1 The refugee and asylum seeker policy should incorporate clauses that protect the people from mistreatment in the detention facilities. The clause should include access to basic needs such as food and shelter. The policy should also incorporate severe punishment to both the residents and government officials found guilty of mistreating the refugees and asylum seekers. Such penalties should include heavy fines or long-term imprisonment or both for individuals found guilty of perpetrating such offenses (Correa-Velez 2005, pp. 23). Restricted Media Access to Nauru Because the Australias refugee and asylum seekers have restricted media access to Nauru the policy has been described as controversial. Furthermore, in 2014, the government hiked its media visa application fee from $147 to $5862 and fixed it as a non-refundable amount in the event of rejection. The HRW and Amnesty and other stakeholders have described such a clause as very high and exploitative. With this regard, visa requests by media firms such as ABC and Al Jazeera have been rejected. Moreover, ABC’s Ginny Stein reported that even before submitting an application she was discouraged and informed that it had been rejected. It was until October 2017 that the first foreign journalist was granted access (Every and Augoustinos 2007, pp. 411). At one time, an associate editor of the Australian criticized foreign outlets for projecting complaints from refugees and asylum seekers in Nauru without him being on the ground to verify the information and also, being the first foreign jo urnalist to access be granted access to the island, having vague knowledge about the information. Interestingly, Kenny reported that the support for the strong border protection policies contributed to his application’s success (Correa-Velez 2005, pp. 23). Recommendation/Option 2 With regard to the restricted access of foreign journalists accessing detention facilities, the current Australian’s offshore detention policy should incorporate lenient considerations of the application for access (Silove 2000, pp. 604). Such lenient restrictions would permit journalists into accessing the detention facilities and air some of the challenges faced by the individuals. Consequently, such penetration into areas such as Nauru would elicit global concern and, therefore, measure from global governments and well-wishers would intervene and help cover some costs.   Since it is a basic human right to have access to information, there ought to be the enactment of policies that prohibit the ban on Facebook and other social media as well as the use of smartphones in the Nauru Island (Murray and Skull 2005, pp. 25). This would result to positive results contrary to the perception of the Nauruan government that social media is a powerful tool for disrupting, embarrassing and destroy its reputation and consequently its instability (Dudley 2003, pp. 102). Delays in refugee and asylum seeker determination and pressure for its application Under the Australian immigration policy, most refugees and asylum seekers, who come to the country by boat, await for over three years before they get an opportunity to lodge a protection application. Although the Australian’s offshore detention policy permit this group to apply for protection visas, the refugee status determination is frequently suspended for the group. This has been reported as a challenge as the department of immigration normally takes longer to lift such a ban once it is imposed (Every and Augoustinos 2008, pp. 562). Furthermore, the scraping out of government-funded legal advice which has led to the long waiting list to access a lawyer who can assist in lodging a visa protection application has been a significant barrier. This prompted the issuance of warning letters by the department of immigration to the asylum seekers who had not applied for the protection visas as well as those who were in the long list of community legal centers (Gibney 2004, pp.783) . Recommendation/Option 3 There should be an amendment to the current policy stipulating a specific timeline within which asylum seekers and refugees visiting the country can be granted an opportunity to lodge a protection application (Gibney 2004, pp.783). There should be clear guidelines, for example, people should be given 30 or 60 days with a possibility of a 10-day extension and should be advised that failure to do so would lead to losing bridging visas, welfare payment and the right to lodge their applications. Furthermore, it should be stated clearly that if people fail to seek for protection visas through an application by a certain date, they would be barred from applying for a permanent or temporary visa in the country and, therefore, should return to their countries of origin.   Such amendments would curb the problem of the delays in the detention facilities as well as relieve pressure for application of visas and protection among the refugees and asylum seekers (Steel 2006, pp.56). Further, the existing policy should include a fast track RSD process especially for asylum seekers arriving by boat. That is, in the event their claims are nullified by the department of immigration, the group of asylum seekers should no longer be able to apply for review to the independent statutory authority for conducting merits review of the claims (McMaster 2002, pp. 279). The policy should also be in such a way that the department of immigration would have the mandate to decide which of its own negative decisions would be presided over by the Immigration Assessment Authority. With this regard, the Immigration Assessment Authority would provide a far more limited form of review. That is, asylum seekers would no longer be interviewed, and no further information can be presented except in exceptional circumstances (Clyne 2005, pp. 173). Conclusion The Australian’s offshore detention policy is a test in how a country can balance its right to determine who enters into the country with the rights of the worlds dispossessed. In 2001, the country was believed to set itself apart, especially following the Tampa affair incident that brought its policy to the public domain and operationalized. It is clear that the over the years, the refugee and asylum seekers policy have flaws and controversies that need to be addressed through amendments of the some of the Acts or reforms. Some of the controversies or flaws identified include adverse conditions subjected to the refugees and asylum seekers, abuse including sexual and physical assault and restricted media access to detention facilities such as Nauru. Other controversies that have marred the policy include delays in refugee and asylum seeker determination and pressure for its application, work rights and prolonged detention period in Nauru and Papua. It is therefore critical to recommend some of the reforms that the ministry of immigration must put in place in order to address the identified controversies. For example, the ministry must ensure that the right of the refugees and asylum seekers are granted. The ministry should also pass ensure safety in the detention facilities, strict adherence to the timeline within which the Bridging visas and protection application should be granted to the refugees and asylum seekers. Finally, there should be amendments regarding access to information and the authorization of foreign journalists into the detention facilities.